Electronics

In operation, the anode in such a vacuum tube is given a positive potential with respect to the cathode, while the grid is negatively biased. A large negative bias on the grid prevents any electrons emitted from the cathode from reaching the anode; however, because the grid is largely open space, a less negative bias permits some electrons to pass through it and reach the anode. Small variations in the grid potential can thus control large amounts of anode current. Synth-pop continued into the late 1980s, with a format that moved closer to dance music, including the work of acts such as British duos Pet Shop Boys, Erasure and The Communards, achieving success along much of the 1990s. Common cheap popular sound chips of the firsts home computers of the 1980s include the SID of the Commodore 64 and General Instrument AY series and clones used in ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, MSX compatibles and Atari ST models, among others.

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It came to be used in its broader sense with advances in knowledge about the fundamental nature of electrons and about the way in which the motion of these particles could be utilized. Today many scientific and technical disciplines deal with different aspects of electronics. Research in these fields has led to the development of such key devices as transistors, integrated circuits, lasers, and optical fibres. These in turn have made it possible to manufacture a wide array of electronic consumer, industrial, and military products. Indeed, it can be said that the world is in the midst of an electronic revolution at least as significant as the industrial revolution of the 19th century. Before computer memory-based samplers, musicians used tape replay keyboards, which store recordings on analog tape.

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They also held concerts employing a slide show synchronized with a recorded soundtrack. Composers outside of the Jikken Kōbō, such as Yasushi Akutagawa, Saburo Tominaga, and Shirō Fukai, were also experimenting with radiophonic tape music between 1952 and 1953. In 1950, Schaeffer gave the first public (non-broadcast) concert of musique concrète at the École Normale de Musique de Paris. In Paris in 1951, in what was to become an important worldwide trend, RTF established the first studio for the production of electronic music. Also in 1951, Schaeffer and Henry produced an opera, Orpheus, for concrete sounds and voices. Electronics Letters is an internationally renowned peer-reviewed rapid-communication journal that publishes short original research papers every two weeks.

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Analog electronic circuits play an essential role in many industrial applications and control systems. The traditional way of diagnosing failures in such circuits can be an inaccurate and time-consuming process; therefore, it can affect the industrial outcome negatively. This paper deals with high frequency analysis of spiral inductors, used in microelectronics circuits, to optimize their configuration. Software developed, designed, and implemented by the authors for nano and micrometre spiral inductor high frequency analysis, named ABSIF, is presented in this paper. Notwithstanding the remarkable success of solid-state devices in most electronic applications, there are certain specialized functions that only vacuum tubes can perform. "In 1969, a portable version of the studio Moog called the Minimoog Model D, became the most widely used synthesizer in both popular music and electronic art music" Montanaro 2004, p. 8.

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This study considers two emotions namely ‘Valence’ and ‘Arousal’ for classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach produced accuracies of 96.1% for low/high valence and 99.6% for low/high arousal classification. A further comparison of the proposed method is also carried out and it is seen that the proposed method outperforms other compared methods. Electron behaviour and movement, particularly as observed in the first electron tubes.